Nothing is as important as passion. No matter what you want to do with your life, be passionate. 6park.com
沒有什麼比熱情更重要了，無論你想做什麼，帶著熱情去做。
— Jon Bon Jovi, Musician 瓊‧邦‧喬飛 (音樂家)
--- 外刊看世界編輯擇優推薦
請將你喜歡的名句格言：中英文版，留言跟貼，
讓我們一起分享、鼓勵、進步！
鳥類學習同伴語言保護自身安全
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
這裡是科學美國人——60秒科學。我是克里斯多福·因塔利亞塔。

People speak thousands of languages in the world today. And same goes for the bird world.
有一分鐘時間嗎？
"Each bird species has effectively its own language." Andy Radford, a professor of behavioral ecology at the University of Bristol. "And there might be similarities between some languages just as there are in the human world. And then there are other languages that sound extremely different, even though they're conveying exactly the same meaning."
今天，全世界人類使用的語言有幾千種。鳥類世界也是如此。
In fact some birds are known to pick up on the "language" of other species...in particular, they've learned to detect danger by eavesdropping on the alarm calls of other birds.
「實際上每種鳥類都有自已的語言。」布里斯托大學的行爲生態學教授安迪·拉德福德說到。「一些鳥類語言可能很相似，就像人類世界一樣。其他語言則聽起來極爲不同，儘管它們表達的是同樣的含義。」
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Radford and his colleagues wanted to investigate how that learning occurs. So they first played an alarm call that fairy wrens, an Australian bird, shouldn't be familiar with - a computer-generated alarm call (synthetic call) meant to mimic a bird's. As expected, the unfamiliar sound had no effect on the fairy wrens.
事實上，我們已經知道有些鳥類學會了其他鳥類的「語言」，特別是它們學會了通過偷聽其他鳥類的警報叫聲來察覺危險。
But then the researchers paired the synthetic call with a chorus of alarm calls the wrens would recognize. (chorus) And after this training, the sound of the initially unfamiliar synthetic call alone (synthetic call) was enough to send the birds ducking HA! for cover. The results are in the journal Current Biology. 6park.com
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拉德福德和同事想研究這種學習的發生過程。因此，他們首先播放了一種澳大利亞細尾鷯鶯不可能熟悉的警報叫聲，這一由計算機生成的警報叫聲（計算機合成的叫聲）對鳥類的聲音進行了模仿。不出所料，這種陌生的叫聲對細尾鷯鶯沒有任何影響。
Radford says the study shows birds can learn from their peers, without ever seeing them...or a predator either. "And so I think that's the coolest thing of all, is that you can learn with your eyes shut about something really important in the natural world."
但隨後，研究人員將電腦合成的叫聲與細尾鷯鶯能識別出的警報叫聲和聲組合在一起。（和聲）經過這種訓練，細尾鷯鶯一開始不熟悉的合成叫聲本身（合成叫聲），就足以讓這些鳥兒閃避躲藏。這項研究結果發表在《當代生物學》期刊上。 6park.com
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Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
拉德福德表示，這項研究表明，鳥兒可以向同伴學習，即使從來沒有看到過同伴或捕食者。「所以，我認爲最酷的地方在於，閉上眼睛學習自然界中真正重要的東西。」 6park.com